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He had two older siblings, Helen and John Jr., and a younger sister, Sophia Thoreau. His essays, books, and poems weave together two central themes over the course of his intellectual career: nature and the conduct of life. He began to call himself Henry David after he finished college he never petitioned to make a legal name change. Henry David Thoreau is recognized as an important contributor to the American literary and philosophical movement known as New England transcendentalism. "If you ask yourself some of the questions that Thoreau asks in his writing and try to answer them honestly, it will, I believe, direct you toward being a better human being. Autograph manuscript, a working draft from chapter III, Reading, of Walden, published in Boston in 1854, Concord, MA, c.1849. David Henry was named after his recently deceased paternal uncle, David Thoreau. "Thoreau is constantly asking questions in his own writings, both to himself and to his reader, that make you evaluate your life and how you're living it," says Cramer. Cramer, curator of collections at the Thoreau Institute at Walden Woods, and author or editor of nearly a dozen books about Thoreau and his Transcendentalist friend Ralph Waldo Emerson. He was, in a word, a "questioner," says Jeffrey S. He's famous for retreating to a rustic cabin at Walden Pond in the Massachusetts woods for two years to ruminate on nature and philosophy, but Thoreau wasn't a hermit or a cranky misanthrope. Henry David Thoreau is one of America's most beloved and misunderstood writers. Henry David Thoreau (J May 6, 1862) was an American naturalist, essayist, poet, and philosopher. It formed the seed of his book “Civil Disobedience.” Bettman/Getty Images/HowStuffworks He refused to pay a poll tax because it went to a government that supported slavery and spent a night in jail for his protest. Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Thoreau believed in practicing what he preached.